Article: Black Madonnas: Still Black and Still Venerated
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Those which follow generally have their origins in the middle ages or earlier. Sometimes an ancient Black Virgin is destroyed and replaced by another, and these are included if they also are old. Modern versions and recent copies or statues are not included, with the exception of the Black Madonna at St. Gervazy, a copy from the Louvre museum workshops.
A few are included because several sources indicate they are Black Madonnas, even when a local official claims they are not Black Madonnas.
Most of the Black Madonnas are found in churches, chapels and sanctuaries. A few are in museums. Most are sculpted, usually out of wood, sometimes from stone and one was cast in lead. Some are paintings, most of them attributed to St. Luke. A few are icons and several are frescoes. The majority of the Black Madonnas listed are found in France - perhaps because much of the earliest research was French. More recently additional Italian and Spanish Black Madonnas have been identified by several authors.
See also:
- Black Madonnas by Michael P. Duricy
- Black Madonnas on Links to Related Web Sites page
- What about White Madonnas?
List of Black Madonnas |
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Guide to abbreviations: |
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Bibliography
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- de Bascher, Dom Jacques, La Vierge noire de Paris, Tequi, Paris, 1979.
- Begg, Ean, The Cult of the Black Virgin, Penguin Books, London, revised 1996.
- Benko, Stephen, The Virgin Goddess - Studies in the Pagan & Christian Roots of Mariology, E. J. Brill, Leiden, NY, Koln, 1993.
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Markale, Jean, La grande deesse - Mythes et sanctuaires, Albin Michel, Paris, 1997. - Moss, Leonard W. and Cappannar, Stephen C., "In Quest of the Black Virgin: She Is Black Because She Is Black", in Mother Worship - Themes & Variations, James J. Preston, ed., U. of N.C. Press Chapel Hill, 1982.
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